Turtle cities from HBR 2008 ideas by Jaime Lerner

On the Back of a Turtle, I See a City
by Jaime Lerner

The city of today is too often a campground, an unchecked metastasis. It is either an ever-spreading Atlanta or Los Angeles—an endless suburb unable to contain and sustain itself—or a frightening Gotham of skyscrapers huddled over dark concrete valleys. It is a place without priority, logic, or true consideration of its residents’ needs.

By contrast, consider a turtle’s shell: a house upon the back of its self-sufficient occupant. Have you ever noticed that the meticulously organized outer surface resembles an aerial view of a city? The shell’s pattern evokes the cells that constitute urban tissue—blocks, streets, and functional centers. A turtle-shell city is a place to live, to work, to relax and play. In all, it is a circumscribed, homey shelter.

This schematic drawing of a turtle can help you imagine some of the important features of the ideal urban environment, built upon principles of mobility, sustainability, and cultural identity. In the denser area of the turtle-shell city, identified by the taller edifices, you can find apartments, office buildings, mixed-use structures (with residential, commercial, and service functions), as well as street-level attractions—a bakery for morning bread, a fancy bistro for business lunches, a newsstand with reading material for bus rides, a town square, a church, an art gallery. Supporting the high-density area is an ecologically sustainable mass transportation system that, whether it operates on the surface or underground, is fast, safe, comfortable, and accessible to all. It’s also part of a public transit network that extends throughout the community.

The turtle-shell city’s housing accommodates the needs and preferences of a broad spectrum of people. It has high- and low-rise buildings along with stand-alone homes. There are no ghettos, because neighborhoods comprise a mixture of income and age groups performing a variety of functions. The more you mix, the more livable the city becomes.

Near the residences are schools, hospitals, and workplaces. All areas are permeated by parks and gardens—keys to a healthier urban environment. Such green spaces are even part of the city’s drainage system, protecting the waterways and creating natural flood basins. Just as no part of the turtle’s shell can be changed or removed without harming the whole creature, none of these elements of the city can be altered without affecting its overall sustainability.

The city of the future will not be an accident of mindless growth. Instead, it will be a home as exquisitely and holistically designed as the turtle’s. It is where businesses will need to operate and what they must first help to create.

Jaime Lerner, architect and urban planner, is the founder of the Instituto Jaime Lerner in Curitiba, Brazil. He has formerly served as president of the International Union of Architects, governor of the Brazilian state of Paraná, and mayor of Curitiba.

From
Breakthough Ideas for 2008
Harvard Business Review
February 2008